Nails

Your nails tell you a lot about your health. Of course, Dr. Carm is talking about your real nails—not the painted or fake ones. Have you ever noticed when you were at the doctor's how he or she either commented on something (like a ring) or examined your hands? This is because he or she was looking for signs of any problems or illnesses.

So, go clean your nails and removed the artificial gunk off for this next posting. 

When looking at these descriptions you want to look near the base of the nail for the coloring. A normal nail should be smooth and clear (meaning you can see the skin underneath the nail—so slightly pinkish.)

Beau's Line Nails

Beau's lines are indentations across the nails. It can be caused by injury or illness that interrupts the growth of the cuticle. It can also be a sign of uncontrolled diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, high fever, measles, mumps, pneumonia, or zinc deficiency.³

Blue Nails

Bluish nails are a sign that the body is not receiving enough oxygen, which is common in lung infections (pneumonia). In addition, some heart problems cause the fingernails to become blue.²

Club Nails

Club nails are enlarged fingertips with the nails curved around it. This may be a result of low oxygen and various types of lung disease. It is also associated with IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), cardiovascular disease, liver disease, and AIDS.³

Cracked or Split Nails

Dry, brittle nails that crack or split are often associated with thyroid disease. If the nails are also yellow, then this is a sign of a fungal infection.²

Dark Lines Beneath the Nail

Dark lines beneath the nail can be caused by melanoma and should be seen by a doctor immediately.²

Gnawed Nails

Nail biting is often a sign of an anxiety disorder and has also been linked to OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder).²

Pale Nails

Pale nails can be a sign of anemia, congestive heart failure, liver disease, and malnutrition.²

Pitted Nails

A small depression in the nails is common in people who have psoriasis. It can also be related to connective tissue disorders (i.e., Reiter's syndrome), alopecia areata (an autoimmune disease), or inflammatory arthritis.^2,3

Puffy Nail Folds

If the skin around the nails is puffy and red, it may be due to lupus or another connective tissue disorder. Infections are also a cause.²

Separated Nails (onycholysis)

Nails that are loose or separated from the nail bed are sometimes associated with injury or infection. However, it can also be associated with a reaction to a particular drug or product (such as nail hardeners or adhesives). In addition, it can be a sign of thyroid disease or psoriasis.³

Spoon Nails (koilonychia)

These are soft nails that scoop out. The middle of the nail is dented enough to hold a drop of liquid. Spoon nails are a sign of iron deficiency anemia or hemochromatosis (a liver condition that makes your body absorb too much iron from food). It can also be a sign of heart disease and hypothyroidism.³

Terry's Nails

If the tip of each nail has a dark band, it can be due to aging; but more serious conditions can be liver disease, congestive heart failure, or diabetes.³

White Nails

White nails with darker rims are a sign of liver problems (hepatitis). In this case, you might also notice your fingers might also be jaundiced (yellow).²

Yellow Nails

Yellow can be a sign of a fungal infection. If the infection is not treated, it may grow worse causing the nail to become thick and then crumble. Other conditions that cause yellow nails include severe thyroid disease, lung disease, respiratory disease (chronic bronchitis), diabetes, lymph edema, or psoriasis.^2,3

Some Final Facts¹:

• Fingernails grow an average of only 0.1 millimeter (mm) each day, whereas toenails grow 1 mm per month. Individual nail growth rates depend on age, time of year, activity level, and heredity.
• Nails grow faster on fingers — especially on your dominant hand — than toes.
• Women's nails grow more slowly than men's, except possibly during pregnancy.
• Nails grow more rapidly in summer than in winter.
• Nail growth is affected by disease, nutrition, medications, trauma, chronic illness, fever, and the aging process.

If you have any concerns about your nails, please see your physician.

¹American Academy of Dermatology (2012). Retrieved from http://www.aad.org

²Martin, L. J. (Sept. 2011). Nail health picture slideshow: What your nails say about your health. Retrieve from http://www.medicinenet.com

³Mayo Clinic (Dec 2, 2011). Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com



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Guest Post by Dr. Bill: Hiccups

Dr. Carm would like to welcome a guest poster, Dr. Bill. [Holds up "applause" sign]

 Dr. Bill is not a certified doctor but has medical knowledge from working in a pharmacy. He also has an array of experience with journalism. Today he is going to discuss his medical smarts about hiccups.

Dr. Bill, if you please....

 Hiccups

    The stereotyped drunk hiccupping on a cartoon is not that far off from the truth.  Hiccups can be triggered by drinking too much alcohol, as well as eating too much or eating spicy dry foods, drinking carbonated beverages, becoming too excited or laughing too hard, and reacting to stress or sudden temperature changes.

    Technically speaking a hiccup is simply an involuntary contraction of the diaphragm, the muscle tissue that allows us to breathe.  When the diaphragm contracts, it creates a suction to pull air into the lungs and vice versa, when it expands it pushes air out of the lungs to allow you to exhale.  The “hic” sound of a hiccup is simply a sudden rush of air being pulled into your lungs and the rapid closure of your vocal cords to allow this to happen.  The sudden contraction of the diaphragm also causes that jerky movement you make when having hiccups.
 
    Usually hiccups last only a few minutes.  The longest lasting hiccup endured by a person was by Charles Osborne for 69 years and five months.  Don’t try to beat the world record; hiccups lasting longer that 48 hours need to be addressed by a doctor.  Long term hiccups could be a sign of a brain tumor, kidney failure, diabetes, pneumonia, inner ear problems of the vagus nerve which can cause cardiac problems, stroke, multiple sclerosis and meningitis.  After ruling out these issue, long term hiccup treatment would include Chlorpromazine, Metoclopramide, or Baclofen.  If these drug treatments do not work, surgery to block the phrenic nerve or the use of electric stimulation of the vagus nerve can be used.

    Fortunately, most hiccups go away on their own, or with a little help of home remedies.  The moment a hiccup occurs most people immediate hold their breath until the hiccups stops.  Rarely does this remedy work.  The thought here is to prevent the diaphragm from contracting.  Others insist on drinking large amounts of water.  I find this method worse than the last and poses the problem of hiccupping water into the nose. 

    There are five home remedies that I have found to work the best:

    1.  Put a spoonful of sugar on your tongue and let it slowly dissolve

    2.  Put a spoonful of peanut butter on the roof of your mouth

    3.  Sit in a chair, put your head between your knees and look up to the ceiling

    4.  Sing as loud as you can tolerate yourself

    5.  Laugh loudly

Although these methods will make you look like a lunatic, they seem to work well.  Mainly they work by forcing  you to unconsciously control your breathing.

    Q.  Are hiccups on the same order as a burp?
    A. No. A hiccup is caused by a muscle spasm, a burp is caused by gas released from the stomach.

    Q.  Are hiccups caused by people talking about you behind your back?
    A. No, although when they see you sitting with your head between your knees looking up to the ceiling, they may start talking about you!

    Q.  Was this article helpful?
    A. I hope so….

Disclaimer
This article is not intended to diagnose, treat, or prevent any illnesses. Please seek medical attention by a certified physician for any legitimate concerns




Dr. Carm would like to thank Dr. Bill for his posting and giving her a day off to relax.